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Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi
Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi (; c. 1915 – 2 February 2004), was a former lieutenant-general in the Pakistan Army, served as the last governor and martial law administrator of East Pakistan and the last unified commander of the Eastern Military High Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Presided over East Pakistan for only two days, Niazi was responsible for the eastern contingent of the Pakistan Armed Forces during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War and the Bangladesh Liberation War, jointly with Vice-Admiral Mohammad Shariff, Commander of Eastern Naval Command. General Niazi is still remembered as the "Jackal of Bengal" in Pakistan due to his surrender. His awards were withdrawn and he was stripped of his honors.
Niazi got commission in the Indian Army in 1934 and took part in combat operations in the Burma Campaign, most notably in the Imphal operation, for which he became famous. After the establishment of Pakistan he joined the Pakistan Army. He commanded Operation ''Chavinda'' in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 and was ordered to command the Pakistan Armed Forces in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1971 war, Niazi surrendered his forces of (less than) 45000 men to the Indian Armed Forces and the Mukti Bahini guerrilla armed resistance force. He stated that he had acted on the orders of the West Pakistan Military High Command under General Yahya Khan. After the war, other parties like Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto held him as personally responsible for the surrender, and he was accused of being involved in Pakistan's human rights violations in Bangladesh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971.'' Gendercide Watch )〕
He was dismissed by President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from his general officer rank and his military decorations, while he sought a court-martial to prove his innocence, filing petitions through his military lawyers both in the civilian Supreme Court of Pakistan and in the Judge Advocate General Branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces.
==Early life==
Niazi was born in 1915 to a Pashtun family of Lodi Confederacy Niazi in the Punjab, when it was part of the British Indian Empire. In 1932 he was enlisted in the British Indian Army as a junior non-commissioned officer and was sent to the Indian Military Academy, where he completed his BSc in Military science and also completed a paratrooper course.〔 He was then commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 5th Paratrooper of the Punjab Regiment in 1937〔 and served in the Pacific Theatre of World War II.〔
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